# Basic Git Operations This directory contains **17 essential daily Git commands** that every developer uses regularly. These are the fundamental building blocks of version control workflows, designed for clarity and ease of use. ## � Operations Overview | Category | Operations | Description | |----------|------------|-------------| | **📝 File Management** | `gadd`, `gstatus` | Stage files and check repository status | | **💾 Commit & Sync** | `gcommit`, `gpush`, `gpull` | Create commits and sync with remotes | | **🌿 Branch Management** | `gbranch`, `gcheckout` | Create, list, and switch branches | | **📊 Information** | `glog`, `gdiff` | View history and compare changes | | **💼 Stash Operations** | `gstash`, `gpop` | Temporarily save and restore work | | **🔄 Reset Operations** | `greset` | Reset repository state | | **📂 Repository** | `ginit`, `gclone` | Initialize and clone repositories | | **📡 Remote Management** | `gremote` | Comprehensive remote management | ## 📝 File Management ### `gadd` - Add Files to Staging Area **Purpose:** Stage files for commit **Git Equivalent:** `git add` ```bash gadd # Add all modified files (git add .) gadd file1.js file2.js # Add specific files gadd src/ # Add entire directory ``` **When to use:** Before every commit to stage your changes ### `gstatus` - Check Repository Status **Purpose:** View current repository state **Git Equivalent:** `git status` ```bash gstatus # Shows staged, modified, and untracked files ``` **Output includes:** Modified files, staged files, untracked files, current branch ## 💾 Commit & Sync Operations ### `gcommit` - Create Commits **Purpose:** Save staged changes with a message **Git Equivalent:** `git commit -m` ```bash gcommit "fix authentication bug" # Standard commit gcommit "feat: add user dashboard" # Conventional commit format gcommit "docs: update API reference" # Documentation update ``` **Best practices:** Use clear, descriptive messages; follow conventional commit format ### `gpush` - Push to Remote **Purpose:** Upload local commits to remote repository **Git Equivalent:** `git push` ```bash gpush # Push current branch to origin ``` **Use after:** Committing changes you want to share ### `gpull` - Pull from Remote **Purpose:** Download and merge remote changes **Git Equivalent:** `git pull` ```bash gpull # Pull and merge latest changes ``` **Use before:** Starting work to get latest updates ## 🌿 Branch Management ### `gbranch` - Branch Operations **Purpose:** List and create branches **Git Equivalent:** `git branch` ```bash gbranch # List all branches (* shows current) gbranch feature-auth # Create new branch from current HEAD gbranch -d old-feature # Delete merged branch ``` **Branch naming:** Use descriptive names like `feature-login`, `fix-header-bug` ### `gcheckout` - Switch Branches **Purpose:** Change working branch **Git Equivalent:** `git checkout` / `git switch` ```bash gcheckout main # Switch to main branch gcheckout feature-auth # Switch to existing branch gcheckout -b new-feature # Create and switch to new branch ``` **Safety tip:** Commit or stash changes before switching branches ## 📊 Information & History ### `glog` - View Commit History **Purpose:** Display commit history with details **Git Equivalent:** `git log --oneline --graph` ```bash glog # Show recent commits (default: 10) glog 25 # Show last 25 commits glog --author="John" # Show commits by specific author ``` **Output format:** Commit hash, author, date, message ### `gdiff` - Show Differences **Purpose:** Compare changes between commits, branches, or files **Git Equivalent:** `git diff` ```bash gdiff # Show unstaged changes gdiff --staged # Show staged changes gdiff main # Compare current branch with main gdiff HEAD~1 # Compare with previous commit gdiff file.js # Show changes in specific file ``` **Use cases:** Review changes before committing, compare branches ## 💼 Stash Operations ### `gstash` - Save Work Temporarily **Purpose:** Temporarily store uncommitted changes **Git Equivalent:** `git stash` ```bash gstash # Stash current changes with auto message gstash "work in progress on auth" # Stash with custom message gstash --include-untracked # Include untracked files ``` **When to use:** Need to switch branches but work isn't ready to commit ### `gpop` - Restore Stashed Work **Purpose:** Apply and remove most recent stash **Git Equivalent:** `git stash pop` ```bash gpop # Apply most recent stash and remove it ``` **Note:** Resolves conflicts if any exist between stash and current state ## 🔄 Reset Operations ### `greset` - Reset Repository State **Purpose:** Undo commits or unstage files **Git Equivalent:** `git reset` ```bash greset # Unstage all files (soft reset to HEAD) greset --soft HEAD~1 # Undo last commit, keep changes staged greset --mixed HEAD~1 # Undo last commit, unstage changes greset --hard HEAD~1 # ⚠️ DANGER: Undo last commit, discard changes greset file.js # Unstage specific file ``` **⚠️ Warning:** `--hard` permanently deletes uncommitted changes ## 📂 Repository Operations ### `ginit` - Initialize Repository **Purpose:** Create new Git repository in current directory **Git Equivalent:** `git init` ```bash ginit # Initialize current directory as Git repo ``` **Creates:** `.git` directory with repository structure ### `gclone` - Clone Repository **Purpose:** Copy remote repository to local machine **Git Equivalent:** `git clone` ```bash gclone https://github.com/user/repo.git gclone git@github.com:user/repo.git my-folder gclone --depth 1 # Shallow clone (latest commit only) ``` **Protocols:** HTTPS (requires credentials), SSH (requires key setup) ## 📡 Remote Management ### `gremote` - Comprehensive Remote Management **Purpose:** Manage remote repository connections **Git Equivalent:** Various `git remote` commands ```bash # List operations gremote # List all remotes with URLs gremote -v # Verbose output with fetch/push URLs # Add operations gremote add upstream # Add new remote named 'upstream' gremote add origin # Add new origin remote # Remove operations gremote remove old-remote # Remove remote connection gremote remove upstream # Remove upstream remote # Update operations gremote set-url # Update origin URL (default remote) gremote set-url upstream # Update specific remote URL ``` **Common patterns:** - **Origin:** Your main remote repository - **Upstream:** Original repository when working with forks - **Multiple remotes:** For complex workflows with multiple repositories ## 🎯 Common Workflow Patterns ### Starting a New Project ```bash mkdir my-project && cd my-project ginit # Initialize Git repository # Create initial files gadd # Stage all files gcommit "initial commit" # First commit gremote add origin # Connect to remote gpush # Push to remote ``` ### Daily Development Cycle ```bash # Start of day gpull # Get latest changes gstatus # Check current state # During development gadd # Stage changes gcommit "implement user login" # Commit with clear message gpush # Share your work ``` ### Feature Branch Workflow ```bash # Create feature branch gbranch feature-authentication # Create new branch gcheckout feature-authentication # Switch to it # Work on feature # ... make changes ... gadd && gcommit "add login form" gadd && gcommit "add validation" gpush # Push feature branch # Merge back to main gcheckout main gpull # Get latest main # Merge feature (via PR/MR or locally) ``` ### Emergency Stash Workflow ```bash # Working on feature, need to fix urgent bug gstash "WIP: user dashboard feature" # Save current work gcheckout main # Switch to main gpull # Get latest gcheckout -b hotfix-login-bug # Create hotfix branch # ... fix the bug ... gadd && gcommit "fix login redirect bug" gpush # Push hotfix # Return to feature work gcheckout feature-dashboard # Back to feature gpop # Restore work in progress ``` ### Repository History Investigation ```bash gstatus # What's currently changed? glog # Recent commit history glog --author="teammate" # What did teammate work on? gdiff main # How does my branch differ from main? gdiff HEAD~1 # What changed in last commit? ``` ## 🎓 Learning Path for New Developers ### Level 1: Basics (Start Here) 1. **`ginit`** - Create your first repository 2. **`gstatus`** - Always know what's happening 3. **`gadd`** - Stage your changes 4. **`gcommit`** - Save your progress 5. **`glog`** - See your commit history ### Level 2: Collaboration 6. **`gremote`** - Connect to GitHub/GitLab 7. **`gpush`** - Share your work 8. **`gpull`** - Get others' work 9. **`gclone`** - Copy existing projects ### Level 3: Branching 10. **`gbranch`** - Organize your work 11. **`gcheckout`** - Switch between features 12. **`gdiff`** - Compare different versions ### Level 4: Advanced 13. **`gstash`/`gpop`** - Temporary work storage 14. **`greset`** - Fix mistakes (carefully!) ## 💡 Pro Tips ### Before You Start - Always run `gstatus` to understand current state - Use `glog` to see recent history when joining a project - Check remotes with `gremote` to understand repository connections ### During Development - Commit frequently with `gadd` + `gcommit` - Use descriptive commit messages that explain **why**, not just **what** - Push regularly to backup your work and enable collaboration ### When Things Go Wrong - Use `gstash` to quickly save work when switching contexts - Use `greset` (without `--hard`) to unstage files safely - Use `gdiff` to understand what changed before committing ### Team Collaboration - Always `gpull` before starting new work - Use branches for features: `gbranch feature-name` - Keep commit history clean with meaningful messages ## 🔗 Related Documentation - **[Advanced Operations](../advanced/README.md)** - Complex workflows and automation - **[Installation Guide](../../markdown/INSTALLATION.md)** - Setup instructions - **[Quick Reference](../../markdown/QUICK_REFERENCES.md)** - Command cheat sheet These basic operations provide the foundation for all Git workflows. Master these before exploring advanced operations and automation tools.